This resource was partially reviewed and updated by a member of The Open Sanctuary Project’s staff as of December 20, 2023.

Like many animals, llamas are happiest with ample safe outdoor space to roam and graze on, as well as an indoor shelter to keep them out of the elements when they choose, though what their living space ends up exactly looking like could vary quite a bit depending on your resources and geography!

If you are bringing new llamas into your life, you also need to ensure that you have an appropriate quarantine space to keep you and your existing residents safe!

Indoor Living Spaces For Llamas

People have employed many different materials and structures for housing llamas, but we believe it’s best that llamas have access to a fully enclosed pole barn with ample ventilation. Not only are pole barns less affected by bad weather, water, and drafts, but they are also easier to get into and clean, which is very important for the health of any animal. The exception to this rule is for sanctuaries in year-round warm environments, where you can house llamas in a three-sided structure that faces away from the prevailing winds if absolutely necessary. When it comes to sizing a llama’s indoor living space, you should allow for at least 40 square feet of space for each llama. Dirt-covered flooring or another slip-resistant material is important for llama living spaces since slips and falls could lead to torn ligaments and joint damage. If your floor is concrete, you should layer a half a foot of dirt onto the concrete floor or use rubber mats if necessary (which are safer than concrete, but will require quite a bit of daily cleanup). Bare concrete and hardwood floors are not acceptable for llamas.

Ideally, you should provide a lot of dry and clean straw in a llama’s indoor living space. Llamas like to use straw as bedding, and it’s important to give them extra bedding material in much colder weather. You must remove and replace all wet and soiled straw to prevent serious health risks to llamas. Unlike some other farmed animals, llamas tend to designate specific spots to use as a bathroom, which can make cleaning easier. There are products you can spread on wet areas such as hydrated lime alternatives like Sweet PDZ or Stall Dry to keep the living space free of moisture. If you cannot provide straw, you can use other clean and replaceable materials such as wood shavings, but llamas do tend to enjoy rolling in wood shavings and wood chips, and these materials will stick around for quite a while in their coats! If it’s your only option, you can provide a thick layer of (naturally-sourced only) sand, but it’s important to keep this material clean and dry as much as you can. Exhaust fans with locking shutters are very effective at keeping barns well-ventilated and dry.

Summer Considerations

A llama’s indoor living spaceThe indoor or outdoor area where an animal resident lives, eats, and rests. needs to be waterproof and free of drafts, in both warm and cold conditions. Sustained high heat (especially combined with high humidity) can lead to exhaustion, dehydration, and other dangerous side effects in llamas. Therefore, you need to make sure that they can stay cool in the summer with ample access to clean water. If it gets too hot for them to be comfortable, you can shear the llama, use water misting fans, hose off the llama, or provide a pond or kiddie pool, but you have to make absolutely sure you aren’t getting their indoor living space too wet. Even basic circulating fans can be kept on automatic thermometers to keep residents comfortable, but you must ensure that all cables are safely secured!

Winter Considerations

In the winter, you have to make sure that the barn is ventilated, because humidity can quickly build up in a warm barn and cause dangerous pneumonia and bronchitis outbreaks in a herd. If your barn is properly insulated from drafts, a llama’s body (especially a herd of llamas in an appropriately-sized area) will provide a good deal of warmth (and their thick winter coats will keep them even warmer!). Be sure to pay close attention to humidity levels and increase ventilation as needed. 

An oversized indoor living space is not ideal in the winter as they will have a harder time keeping warm in it. If absolutely necessary (such as housing a very young, very old, or infirm llama), you can use a ceramic bulb heat lamp, but you must make sure to keep electrical cords out of reach from curious residents and make triple sure to keep heating elements clean and dust free! Barn fires are tragically common occurrences. If you must use extra heat, use ceramic heaters, or if you have ample funding, you could look into radiant floor heating, but because concrete is not an ideal flooring option, you would want to cover concrete floors with thick stall mats, which may reduce the system’s ability to heat the space.

Determine if and at what temperature the indoor water supply may freeze in the winter. Be prepared to empty waterers at night and provide fresh warm water for overnight access.  Automated waterers with heaters on thermostats can be very helpful for keeping residents safely hydrated all season long.

Ensure that there is no risk of snow or ice falling off of structures and striking residents.

Outdoor Living Spaces For Llamas

Llamas need a safely enclosed outdoor space to spend time in throughout the day and graze if they so choose. The outdoor living space must be fenced in with materials that can’t be easily knocked over or jumped over by a llama. There are a variety of different fence materials suitable for llamas, including wood, woven wire, or a combination of different materials. We do not recommend using barbed wire as it can injure residents. A llama’s fence should be stretched tightly, at minimum four feet high (five would be even safer for leaping llamas but typically is unnecessary), and secured to posts every ten feet or so. Corral boards on the outside of the fence can help keep it secure. It’s not recommended to use any kind of fencing that has slats in it where a curious llama might get their head caught!

It’s very important that you know what kind of pasture the llamas are grazing on. Certain plants are toxic to llamas, and you need to ensure that any dangerous plants are removed from the pasture before a llama is allowed to roam there. A local governmental agricultural department should be able to tell you what regional plants you need to protect llamas from. You also should not let a healthy adult llama graze primarily on an alfalfa pasture; alfalfa is very high in protein and calcium, an excessive amount for most llamas; it can lead to kidney stones and obesity. You need to take your time introducing a new llama to your pasture as they need to acclimate to the new food source over a period of a few weeks. Otherwise, the llama is at risk of developing bloat and other dangerous side effects.

Ideally, the outdoor space should consist of llama-safe grazing grasses, and you should have about an acre of land per llama (if the pasture is being shared with other species), with a little more or less need depending on the quality of pasture, season, and whether you’re supplementing their feed with hay or if they’re getting all their food by grazing. If a llama’s pasture is consistently muddy, make sure to provide ample space for the llamas to keep their feet dry. Chronically dirty feet can lead to foot infections. You should also have a shady area in their outdoor enclosure that they can access on the hotter days of the year. Clean water should be easily accessible wherever llamas prefer to spend their time!

If you are caring for many llamas, you should have multiple pastures for them, so you can let unused portions of your pasture regenerate while one is in use.

SOURCES:

Poisonous Plants For Llamas | Mount Lehman Llamas (Non-Compassionate Source)

Cold Weather Care For Alpacas | Vermont Llama And Alpaca Association (Non-Compassionate Source)

Llama Basics | Better Ground (Non-Compassionate Source)

Heat Stress In Llamas | International Llama Association (Non-Compassionate Source)

Basic Llama Care | Lost Creek Llamas (Non-Compassionate Source)